Retransmission techniques for encoded transmissions

ABSTRACT

Various aspects of the disclosure relate to retransmission techniques for communication of information (e.g., for wireless communication). In some aspects, if a device&#39;s first transmission including encoded data and parity information (subject to puncture) fails, the device&#39;s retransmission (e.g., in response to a NAK) involves transmitting the parity information that was punctured. In some aspects, the coding rate used for encoding the data for the first transmission is selected to meet an error rate (e.g., a block error rate) for the second transmission. The second transmission may also include repetition information that includes the encoded data. The repetition information could also include at least a portion of the encoded parity information.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is the U.S. national stage of PCT patent applicationnumber PCT/CN2017/089561 filed on Jun. 22, 2017, which claims priorityto and the benefit of PCT patent application number PCT/CN2016/100313filed on Sep. 27, 2016, the content of each of which is incorporatedherein by reference.

INTRODUCTION

Various aspects described herein relate to communication, and moreparticularly but not exclusively, to retransmission techniques forencoded transmissions.

A wireless communication system may use error correcting codes tofacilitate reliable transmission of digital messages over noisychannels. A block code is one type of error correcting code. In atypical block code, an information message or sequence is split up intoblocks, and an encoder at the transmitting device mathematically addsredundancy to the information message. Exploitation of this redundancyin the encoded information message improves the reliability of themessage, enabling correction for bit errors that may occur due to thenoise. That is, a decoder at the receiving device can take advantage ofthe redundancy to reliably recover the information message even thoughbit errors may occur, in part, due to the addition of noise by thechannel. Examples of error correcting block codes include Hamming codes,Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes, and turbo codes among others.Many existing wireless communication networks utilize such block codes,such as 3GPP LTE networks, which utilize turbo codes, and IEEE 802.11nWi-Fi networks.

To further improve communication performance (e.g., in wirelesscommunication systems), a retransmission scheme such a hybrid automaticrepeat request (HARQ) scheme may be used. In a HARQ scheme, coded blocksare retransmitted if the first transmission is not decoded correctly. Insome cases, several retransmissions may be needed to achieve a desiredlevel of communication performance Given the delay associated withmultiple retransmissions, however, a HARQ scheme might not providesufficiently robust performance for systems that have very strictlatency and/or reliability requirements. Accordingly, there is a needfor error correction techniques that can provide a high level ofperformance (e.g., for low latency applications and other robustapplications).

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of some aspects of thedisclosure to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. Thissummary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated features of thedisclosure, and is intended neither to identify key or critical elementsof all aspects of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of any orall aspects of the disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present variousconcepts of some aspects of the disclosure in a simplified form as aprelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

In one aspect, the disclosure provides an apparatus configured forcommunication that includes a memory and a processor coupled to thememory. The processor and the memory are configured to: encode firstdata to generate encoded data and encoded parity information; transmitfirst information including the encoded data and a portion of theencoded parity information; determine that a retransmission is needed;and transmit second information including the encoded parity informationas a result of the determination that a retransmission is needed.

Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method for communicationincluding: encoding first data to generate encoded data and encodedparity information; transmitting first information including the encodeddata and a portion of the encoded parity information; determining that aretransmission is needed; and transmitting second information includingthe encoded parity information as a result of the determination that aretransmission is needed.

Another aspect of the disclosure provides an apparatus configured forcommunication. The apparatus including: means for encoding first data togenerate encoded data and encoded parity information; means fortransmitting configured to transmit first information including theencoded data and a portion of the encoded parity information; and meansfor determining that a retransmission is needed, wherein the means fortransmitting is further configured to transmit second informationincluding the encoded parity information as a result of thedetermination that a retransmission is needed.

Another aspect of the disclosure provides a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, includingcode to: encode first data to generate encoded data and encoded parityinformation; transmit first information including the encoded data and aportion of the encoded parity information; determine that aretransmission is needed; and transmit second information including theencoded parity information as a result of the determination that aretransmission is needed.

In one aspect, the disclosure provides an apparatus configured forcommunication that includes a memory and a processor coupled to thememory. The processor and the memory are configured to: receive firstinformation including encoded data and encoded parity information;decode the first information; send an indication that a retransmissionis needed based on the decoding; receive second information includingadditional encoded parity information after sending the indication; anddecode the first information using the second information.

Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method for communicationincluding: receiving first information including encoded data andencoded parity information; decoding the first information; sending anindication that a retransmission is needed based on the decoding;receiving second information including additional encoded parityinformation after sending the indication; and decoding the firstinformation using the second information.

Another aspect of the disclosure provides an apparatus configured forcommunication. The apparatus including: means for receiving configuredto receive first information including encoded data and encoded parityinformation; means for decoding configured to decode the firstinformation; and means for sending an indication that a retransmissionis needed based on the decoding, wherein the means for receiving isfurther configured to receive second information including additionalencoded parity information after sending the indication, and the meansfor decoding is further configured to decode the first information usingthe second information.

Another aspect of the disclosure provides a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, includingcode to: receive first information including encoded data and encodedparity information; decode the first information; send an indicationthat a retransmission is needed based on the decoding; receive secondinformation including additional encoded parity information aftersending the indication; and decode the first information using thesecond information.

These and other aspects of the disclosure will become more fullyunderstood upon a review of the detailed description, which follows.Other aspects, features, and implementations of the disclosure willbecome apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, upon reviewingthe following description of specific implementations of the disclosurein conjunction with the accompanying figures. While features of thedisclosure may be discussed relative to certain implementations andfigures below, all implementations of the disclosure can include one ormore of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words,while one or more implementations may be discussed as having certainadvantageous features, one or more of such features may also be used inaccordance with the various implementations of the disclosure discussedherein. In similar fashion, while certain implementations may bediscussed below as device, system, or method implementations it shouldbe understood that such implementations can be implemented in variousdevices, systems, and methods.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description ofaspects of the disclosure and are provided solely for illustration ofthe aspects and not limitations thereof.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example communication system in whichaspects of the disclosure may be used.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of example communication devices in accordancewith some aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of encoding basedon Polar codes.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of an example hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)scheme for Polar codes.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an encoding process inaccordance with some aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example structure of a HARQ scheme for Polarcodes in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of an example structure of a HARQ scheme for Polarcodes with multiple retransmissions in accordance with some aspects ofthe disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process fordetermining a maximum number of retransmissions in accordance with someaspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process forgenerating a mother code in accordance with some aspects of thedisclosure.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process forconducting a final retransmission in accordance with some aspects of thedisclosure.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example hardwareimplementation for an apparatus (e.g., an electronic device) that cansupport encoding in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an encoding process inaccordance with some aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an encoding processwith multiple retransmissions in accordance with some aspects of thedisclosure.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process for encodingdata at a rate that is based on a target error rate for anothertransmission in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process forselecting a coding rate based on a channel condition in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process fortransmitting data at a rate that is based on a target error rate inaccordance with some aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process fordetermining whether to transmit repetition information in accordancewith some aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process fordetermining a quantity of bits for repetition information in accordancewith some aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process fordetermining a quantity of retransmissions in accordance with someaspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating an example hardwareimplementation for an apparatus (e.g., an electronic device) that cansupport decoding in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a decoding process inaccordance with some aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a decoding process formultiple transmissions in accordance with some aspects of thedisclosure.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process fordetermining a quantity of expected retransmissions in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram of an example encoder and an example decoderin accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects of the disclosure relate to retransmission of codedinformation. A first transmission by a device may include encoded dataand encoded parity information (punctured to some degree). If thedevice's first transmission is not successfully received at a receiver,the device may conduct a retransmission (e.g., in response to a negativeacknowledgement, NAK, from the receiver). In accordance with theteachings herein, the retransmission may include the encoded parityinformation that was punctured (e.g., in its entirety). In addition, theretransmission may include repetition information that includes at leasta portion of the encoded data and/or at least a portion of the encodedparity information sent during the first transmission.

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appendeddrawings is intended as a description of various configurations and isnot intended to represent the only configurations in which the conceptsdescribed herein may be practiced. The detailed description includesspecific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understandingof various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that these concepts may be practiced without these specificdetails. Moreover, alternate configurations may be devised withoutdeparting from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-knownelements will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not toobscure the relevant details of the disclosure.

The various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may beimplemented across a broad variety of telecommunication systems, networkarchitectures, and communication standards. For example, the 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) is a standards body that definesseveral wireless communication standards for networks involving theevolved packet system (EPS), frequently referred to as long-termevolution (LTE) networks. Evolved versions of the LTE network, such as afifth-generation (5G) network, may provide for many different types ofservices or applications, including but not limited to web browsing,video streaming, VoIP, mission critical applications, multi-hopnetworks, remote operations with real-time feedback (e.g.,tele-surgery), etc. Thus, the teachings herein can be implementedaccording to various network technologies including, without limitation,5G technology, fourth generation (4G) technology, third generation (3G)technology, and other network architectures. Also, the techniquesdescribed herein may be used for a downlink, an uplink, a peer-to-peerlink, or some other type of link.

The actual telecommunication standard, network architecture, and/orcommunication standard used will depend on the specific application andthe overall design constraints imposed on the system. For purposes ofillustration, the following may describe various aspects in the contextof a 5G system and/or an LTE system. It should be appreciated, however,that the teachings herein may be used in other systems as well. Thus,references to functionality in the context of 5G and/or LTE terminologyshould be understood to be equally applicable to other types oftechnology, networks, components, signaling, and so on.

Example Communication System

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 100where a user equipment (UE) can communicate with other devices viawireless communication signaling. For example, a first UE 102 and asecond UE 104 may communicate with a transmit receive point (TRP) 106using wireless communication resources managed by the TRP 106 and/orother network components (e.g., a core network 108, an internet serviceprovider (ISP) 110, peer devices, and so on). In some implementations,one or more of the components of the system 100 may communicate witheach other directedly via a device-to-device (D2D) link 112 or someother similar type of direct link.

Communication of information between two or more of the components ofthe system 100 may involve encoding the information. For example, theTRP 106 may encode data or control information that the TRP 106 sends tothe UE 102 or the UE 104. As another example, the UE 102 may encode dataor control information that the UE 102 sends to the TRP 106 or the UE104. The encoding may involve block coding such as Polar coding. Inaccordance with the teachings herein, one or more of the UE 102, the UE104, the TRP 106, or some other component of the system 100 may includean encoder and/or a decoder for retransmissions that include previouslypunctured parity information 114.

The components and links of the wireless communication system 100 maytake different forms in different implementations. Examples of UEs mayinclude, without limitation, cellular devices, Internet of Things (IoT)devices, cellular IoT (CIoT) devices, LTE wireless cellular devices,machine-type communication (MTC) cellular devices, smart alarms, remotesensors, smart phones, mobile phones, smart meters, personal digitalassistants (PDAs), personal computers, mesh nodes, and tablet computers.

In some aspects, a TRP may refer to a physical entity that incorporatesradio head functionality for a particular physical cell. In someaspects, the TRP may include 5G new radio (NR) functionality with an airinterface based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). NRmay support, for example and without limitation, enhanced mobilebroadband (eMBB), mission-critical services, and wide-scale deploymentof IoT devices. The functionality of a TRP may be similar in one or moreaspects to (or include or be incorporated into) the functionality of aCIoT base station (C-BS), a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), radioaccess network (RAN) access node, a radio network controller (RNC), abase station (BS), a radio base station (RBS), a base station controller(BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a transceiver function (TF), aradio transceiver, a radio router, a basic service set (BSS), anextended service set (ESS), a macro cell, a macro node, a Home eNB(HeNB), a femto cell, a femto node, a pico node, or some other suitableentity. In different scenarios (e.g., NR, LTE, etc.), a TRP may bereferred to as a gNodeB (gNB), an eNB, a base station, or referencedusing other terminology.

Various types of network-to-device links and D2D links may be supportedin the wireless communication system 100. For example, D2D links mayinclude, without limitation, machine-to-machine (M2M) links, MTC links,vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links, and vehicle-to-anything (V2X) linksNetwork-to-device links may include, without limitation, uplinks (orreverse links), downlinks (or forward links), and vehicle-to-network(V2N) links

Example Communication Components

FIG. 2 illustrates a wireless communication system 200 that includes afirst wireless communication device 202 and a second wirelesscommunication device 204 that may use the teachings herein. In someimplementations, the first wireless communication device 202 or thesecond wireless communication device 204 may correspond to the UE 102,the UE 104, the TRP 106, or some other component of FIG. 1.

In the illustrated example, the first wireless communication device 202transmits a message over a communication channel 206 (e.g., a wirelesschannel) to the second wireless communication device 204. One issue insuch a scheme that should be addressed to provide for reliablecommunication of the message, is to take into account noise 208 thataffects the communication channel 206.

Block codes or error correcting codes are frequently used to providereliable transmission of messages over noisy channels. In a typicalblock code, an information message or sequence from an informationsource 210 at the first (transmitting) wireless communication device 202is split up into blocks, each block having a length of K bits. Anencoder 212 mathematically adds redundancy to the information message,resulting in codewords having a length of N, where N>K. Here, the coderate R is the ratio between the message length and the block length(i.e., R=K/N). Exploitation of this redundancy in the encodedinformation message is a key to reliably receiving the transmittedmessage at the second (receiving) wireless communication device 204,whereby the redundancy enables correction for bit errors that may occurdue to the noise 208 imparted on the transmitted message. That is, adecoder 214 at the second (receiving) wireless communication device 204can take advantage of the redundancy to reliably recover the informationmessage even though bit errors may occur, in part, due to the additionof the 208 noise to the channel 206. The decoder 214 provides therecovered information message to an appropriate information sink 216.

Many examples of such error correcting block codes are known to those ofordinary skill in the art, including Hamming codes,Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes, and turbo codes, among others.Some existing wireless communication networks utilize such block codes.For example, 3GPP LTE networks may use turbo codes. However, for futurenetworks, a new category of block codes, called Polar codes, presents apotential opportunity for reliable and efficient information transferwith improved performance relative to other codes.

The disclosure relates in some aspects to the use of hybrid automaticrepeat request (HARQ) with Polar codes (described below). For example,the encoder 212 may encode information bits from the information source210 to generate encoded data and parity information 218. A transmitcontroller (TX) 226 of the first wireless communication device 202includes a module for sending a first transmission including the encodeddata and a first portion of the encoded parity information 228 (e.g., aportion of the parity information that was not punctured) to the secondwireless communication device 204. In addition, the encoder 212 storesencoded parity information for a second transmission 220 (e.g., apunctured portion of the encoded parity information that is not sentduring the first transmission) in case a retransmission is needed.

A receive controller (RX) 230 of the second wireless communicationdevice 204 includes a module for receiving the first transmission 232.The decoder 214 includes a module for decoding the first transmission222 (e.g., a successive cancellation (SC) decoder implemented inaccordance with the teachings herein). If the decoder 214 is not able tocorrectly decode the received encoded data and parity of the firsttransmission, the second wireless communication device 204 may send NAKfeedback (not shown) to the first wireless communication device 202.

In response to NAK feedback, the first wireless communication device 202may send a second transmission (which may be referred to as aretransmission) via a module for sending a second transmission includinga second portion of the encoded parity information 234 (e.g., includingthe punctured parity information that was not sent in the firsttransmission) to the second wireless communication device 204. In somecases, the second transmission may also include repetition information.The repetition information may include, for example, a repetition of theencoded data (e.g., at least a portion of the systematic bits of theencoded data) and/or the parity information that was sent in the firsttransmission. Thus, as discussed in more detail below, a retransmission(e.g., a final transmission) may involve sending the encoded parityinformation for a second transmission 220 discussed above, optionallywith repetition information.

The receive controller (RX) 230 includes a module for receiving thesecond transmission 236, and thereby receive the encoded parityinformation for the second transmission 224. In accordance with theteachings herein, the module for decoding the first transmission 222 mayuse the encoded parity information for the second transmission 224 todecode the received data. As mentioned above, this parity informationincludes parity information that was not sent (e.g., was punctured) inthe first transmission. To this end, the module for decoding the firsttransmission 222 includes a module for decoding the data of the firsttransmission using the parity information of the second transmission238.

In addition, the module for decoding the first transmission 222 may userepetition information included in the second transmission to decode thereceived data. As mentioned above, the repetition information mayinclude, for example, at least a portion of the encoded data and,optionally, at least a portion of the encoded parity information fromthe first transmission. Thus, the module for decoding the firsttransmission 222 may use the repletion information to perform softcombining of the encoded data and/or parity of the first transmissionwith the encoded data and/or parity of the second transmission.

As discussed in more detail below, in some aspects, the disclosed HARQscheme may be effective for ultra-reliability low latency communication(URLLC). A URLLC application may be used, for example, in a 5G system orsome other type of communication system. URLLC may be used to supportapplications such as smart grid, industrial automation, augmentedreality, and other high-performance applications. In some aspects, aURLLC application may have very strict performance requirements. Forexample, a block error rate (BLER) on the order of 1E-5 or even lowermay be specified. In addition, latency on the order of 1 millisecond(ms) or lower may be specified.

Turning now to FIGS. 3 and 4, several aspects of Polar codes and HARQschemes will be described in more detail. It should be appreciated thatthese examples are presented for purposes of explanation and that theteachings herein may be applicable to other types of coding andretransmission schemes.

Polar Codes

Polar codes are linear block error correcting codes where channelpolarization is generated with a recursive algorithm that defines polarcodes. Polar codes are the first explicit codes that achieve the channelcapacity of symmetric binary-input discrete memoryless channels. Thatis, polar codes achieve the channel capacity (the Shannon limit) or thetheoretical upper bound on the amount of error-free information that canbe transmitted on a discrete memoryless channel of a given bandwidth inthe presence of noise. This capacity can be achieved with a simplesuccessive cancellation (SC) decoder.

A typical encoder structure 300 of Polar codes is depicted in FIG. 3.Polar code sub-channels are allocated into two subsets, bestsub-channels and worst sub-channels, based on the corresponding errorprobability associated with each sub-channel. The information bits 302are then put on the best sub-channels while frozen bits 304 (with zerovalues) are put on the worst sub-channels. A bit-reversal permutation306 is used to provide the output bits of the decoder in a desiredsequence. The encoding is performed after multiplying by a Hadamardmatrix 308. The generator matrices of Polar codes are made up of therows of a Hadamard matrix. The rows corresponding to low errorprobabilities of an SC decoder are selected for information bits whilethe remaining rows are for frozen bits.

It may thus be seen that the Polar codes are one type of block codes (N,K), where N is the codeword length and K is the number of informationbits. With polar codes, the codeword length N is a power-of-two (e.g.,256, 512, 1024, etc.) because the original construction of a polarizingmatrix is based on the Kronecker product of

$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\1 & 1\end{bmatrix}.$HARQ

HARQ incremental redundancy (HARQ-IR) schemes are widely used inwireless communication systems to improve transmission efficiency. In aHARQ-IR scheme, the coded blocks will be retransmitted if the firsttransmission is not decoded correctly. The maximum number oftransmissions in a typical application is 4. However, some applicationsmay use a different retransmission limit.

An example of a HARQ-IR scheme 400 for Polar codes is depicted in FIG.4. For simplification, only a first transmission and a secondtransmission (a retransmission) are shown. In the μ domain 402 of thefirst transmission, the information bits are allocated into twosub-blocks denoted as A and B. The F block is for frozen bits with avalue of zero. After bit-reversal permutation and encoding, a codedblock in the X domain is obtained. If the first transmission (1TX) 404of this block is decoded correctly at the receiver, the transmissionends.

However, if the first transmission (1TX) 404 is not decoded correctly,the transmitter will generate a new codeword in the ti domain 406 with Binformation bits. After bit-reversal permutation and encoding, thetransmitter invokes a second transmission (2TX) 408 to send acorresponding coded block in the X2 domain. If the receiver does notdecode the B information for the second transmission (2TX) 408correctly, a third transmission may be invoked, and so on.

If the B information in the second transmission (2TX) 408 is decodedcorrectly by the receiver, the B information in first transmission willbe set as frozen bits and the A information in first transmission willbe decoded accordingly. In this case, this is equivalent to obtainingthe low rate for the A information in the first transmission.

From a performance standpoint, the algorithm of FIG. 4 may thus beequivalent to existing (e.g., non-Polar coding) HARQ-IR schemes in termsof coding gain. In FIG. 4, the equivalent coding rate after twotransmissions is half of the first transmission with a block size of thefirst transmission. As such, the performance may be worse than theperformance would be using half-rate coding with double the block sizeof the first transmission. Moreover, the algorithm of FIG. 4 involvestwo separate coding processes: one for the first transmission andanother one for the second transmission.

In view of the above, existing algorithms may be difficult to apply inURLLC. In a URLLC system, the maximum number of transmissions may berelatively low to meet low latency requirements. For example, themaximum number of transmissions may be limited to 2 (or some othernumber), with the requirement that the desired block error rate (BLER)still be met with this small number of transmissions. Existing schemesmight not be able to meet the desired BLER within the maximum allowednumber of transmissions. Consequently, existing HARQ schemes might notbe efficient enough for URLLC given the ultra-reliability and lowlatency requirements in URLLC applications.

Low Latency and Ultra-Reliability HARQ for Polar Codes

The disclosure relates in some aspects to an HARQ scheme for Polar codesthat has better performance than existing coding schemes. In someaspects, the disclosed scheme may provide ultra-reliability and lowlatency (e.g., sufficient for URLLC applications).

An example of a design rule for HARQ of Polar codes in accordance withthe teachings herein follows. First, the target BLER of the finaltransmission may be guaranteed. Second, a suitable coding rate for thefirst transmission may be selected to increase efficiency. Third, moreresources may be allocated for the final transmission to provide anultra-low residual BLER.

Example Encoding Operation

FIG. 5 illustrates an example process 500 for encoding data inaccordance with the above design rule. The process 500 may take placewithin a processing circuit (e.g., the processing circuit 1110 of FIG.11), which may be located in a UE, a TRP, an access terminal, a basestation, or some other suitable apparatus (e.g., that providesencoding). Of course, in various aspects within the scope of thedisclosure, the process 500 may be implemented by any suitable apparatuscapable of supporting communication-related operations.

At block 502, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes an encoder)selects a coding rate for encoding a mother code. In some aspects, thiscoding rate may be selected based on a target error rate for a finalretransmission.

At block 504, the apparatus generates the mother code. For example, theapparatus may encode input data according to the coding rate selected atblock 502. As discussed herein, this encoding may be Polar coding.

At block 506, the apparatus selects a coding rate for a firsttransmission of the encoded input data. In some aspects, this codingrate may be selected based on a target error rate (e.g., a BLER) for thefirst transmission. For example, the mother code may be puncturedaccording to the coding rate to generate a block of data to betransmitted.

At block 508, the apparatus conducts the first transmission. Forexample, the apparatus may send the encoded block of data to a receivingapparatus via a wired or wireless communication medium.

As discussed herein, in some cases, a retransmission may occur. Forexample, the apparatus may receive an indication (e.g., a NAK) that thereceiving apparatus was not able to successfully decode the firsttransmission. One or more retransmissions may be allowed depending onapplication requirements.

At block 510, the apparatus allocates resources for the finalretransmission to meet the target error rate (e.g., BLER) for the lastretransmission.

At block 512, the apparatus conducts the final retransmission using theresources allocated at block 510.

In some aspects, the process 500 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Example HARQ Structure

FIG. 6 depicts an example structure 600 of a HARQ Scheme for Polar Codeswith low latency and ultra-reliability in accordance with the teachingsherein. In the μ domain 602, the information bits are denoted as D andthe frozen bits with a value of zero are denoted as F. Thus, the block Din FIG. 6 generally corresponds to the A and B blocks of FIG. 4.Systematic Polar encoding 604 of these bits creates a so-called mothercode 606 that includes a block denoted as D (encoded data) and a blockdenoted as block P 608 (encoded parity check bits). Thus, the mothercode 606 is a systematic Polar code in this example. Based on theselected coding rate, some of the bits of the mother code 606 arepunctured. The block P2 610 represents the punctured bits for the firsttransmission 612. The block P1 614 represents the parity check bitsincluded in the first transmission 612. The block P1 614 is from theblock P 608 (generally with a change in bit locations).

If the receiver does not successfully decode the first transmission 612,a second transmission 616 (a retransmission) is invoked. In someaspects, the second transmission 608 may involve transmission of a blockP2 618 (corresponding to the block P2 610) or the block P2 together withrepetition bits 620 from the first transmission 612. The coded bits forthe first transmission 612 and the second transmission 616 may begenerated as described in the sections that follow.

Multiple Retransmissions

FIG. 7 illustrates an example HARQ structure 700 where there is morethan one retransmission. As shown in this example, a firstretransmission 702 may include the same information as a firsttransmission 704. In other implementations, the first retransmission 702or any other intermediate retransmission (i.e., any retransmissionbefore a final retransmission 706) may be optimized in some other way.

Similar to FIG. 6, in the HARQ structure 700, information bits in the tidomain 708 are denoted as D and the frozen bits with a value of zero aredenoted as F. Systematic Polar encoding 710 of these bits creates amother code 712 that includes a block denoted as D (encoded data) and ablock denoted as block P 714 (encoded parity check bits). The block P2716 represents the punctured bits for the first transmission 704. Theblock P1 718 represents the parity check bits included in the firsttransmission 704. If the receiver does not successfully decode the firsttransmission 704, the first retransmission 702 is invoked. The number ofretransmissions before the last retransmission 706 depends on the systemconfiguration. As shown, the last transmission 706 may involvetransmission of the block P2 720 (corresponding to the block P2 716) orthe block P2 together with repetition bits 722 from the firsttransmission 704.

The number of retransmissions that are used in a given scenario may bebased on operating requirements. In some aspects, the maximum number oftransmissions may be limited by the frame structure. For example, in atime division duplex (TDD) system, a fixed amount of time is allocatedfor transmission in one direction (e.g., uplink) before a turn-around(e.g., to downlink) is required. Thus, in some cases, allretransmissions may need to complete before the turn-around occurs.Thus, a retransmission time budget can depend on the frame structure insome cases. Alternatively, or in addition, the retransmission timebudget may be based on some other factor or other factors.

FIG. 8 illustrates a process 800 for determining a maximum number ofretransmissions in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure. Theprocess 800 may take place within a processing circuit (e.g., theprocessing circuit 1110 of FIG. 11), which may be located in a UE, aTRP, an access terminal, a base station, or some other suitableapparatus (e.g., that provides encoding). Of course, in various aspectswithin the scope of the disclosure, the process 800 may be implementedby any suitable apparatus capable of supporting communication-relatedoperations.

At block 802, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes an encoder)determines a retransmission time budget. For example, this budget may bebased on the frame structure or some other factor.

At block 804, the apparatus determines a maximum number ofretransmissions based on the time budget. For example, if theretransmission time budget is 1 ms, and retransmission takes 400microseconds, the maximum number of retransmissions is two.

In some aspects, the process 800 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Generating the Mother Code

The number of the information bits of the mother code is obtainedaccording to the transport block size. Thus, the size of the mother codemay depend on a size of a protocol data unit (PDU) specified by an upperlayer. In some aspects, the upper layer may set the transport block sizebased on the type of data being transmitted, system requirements, orother factors.

In general, the transport block size in URLLC may be relatively small.Therefore, in this case, the transport block can be encoded into onecode block to avoid high latency.

In view of the above, in some aspects, the size of D in FIGS. 6 and 7may depend on the transport block size. In one non-exclusive example,the block size for the first transmission 612 of FIG. 6 is the same asthe block size of FIG. 4 (e.g., with D being the same as well). Thus,the block size for the mother code 606 of FIG. 6 is larger than theblock size of FIG. 4, thereby enabling better performance.

The modulation order and coding rate for generating the mother code maybe selected to achieve the target BLER for the second transmissionaccording to a long-term signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The long-term SNRmay be obtained, for example, by averaging the SNR of data received viaa channel over a period of time.

FIG. 9 illustrates a process 900 for generating a mother code inaccordance with some aspects of the disclosure. The process 900 may takeplace within a processing circuit (e.g., the processing circuit 1110 ofFIG. 11), which may be located in a UE, a TRP, an access terminal, abase station, or some other suitable apparatus (e.g., that providesencoding). Of course, in various aspects within the scope of thedisclosure, the process 900 may be implemented by any suitable apparatuscapable of supporting communication-related operations.

At block 902, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes an encoder)determines the number of information bits for the mother code based onthe transmission block size.

At block 904, the apparatus determines the target error rate (e.g.,BLER) for the final transmission. As mentioned above, the target errorrate may be based on the long-term SNR.

At block 906, the apparatus determines the coding rate for encoding themother code based on the target error rate determined at block 904.

At block 908, the apparatus encodes the mother code according to thecoding rate of block 906. As discussed herein, systematic Polar codesmay be used to provide better performance.

In some aspects, the process 900 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Generating Code for the First Transmission

The number of the information bits of the first transmission may be thesame as that of the mother code. The coding rate may be determined basedon the target BLER for the first transmission. The coded bits for thefirst transmission may be obtained by puncturing the parity check bitsfrom the generated mother code (e.g., according to the selected codingrate). In some cases, uniform puncturing may be used to provide betterperformance. In some systems, the target BLER need not have a low value(e.g., a BLER of 10% may be suitable).

Generating Code for the Final Transmission

If the code in the first transmission is not decoded correctly, thereceiver may feedback a NAK signal to the transmitter. In the finalretransmission, the transmitter will send the coded parity bits as shownin FIGS. 6 and 7. The coding rate for the final retransmission isobtained according to the channel quality. The channel quality may bedetermined, for example, based on channel quality indicator (CQI)feedback.

If the obtained coding rate is not less than the coding rate in firsttransmission, all of the bits P2 punctured in first transmission may betransmitted. Sending all of the bits P2 helps to ensure that the desiredperformance for the second transmission is met.

If the obtained coding rate is less than the coding rate in firsttransmission, additional repetition bits may be transmitted to meet thetarget BLER for the second transmission. If repetition is needed,systematic information bits (i.e., data) may be repeated first (e.g.,using uniform repetition). In addition, if all the systematicinformation bits are repeated, some or all of the parity bits may berepeated (e.g., uniformly) if there is room for the bits (e.g.,depending on the modulation and coding scheme).

From the above, it should be appreciated that the BLER of the secondtransmission may be lower than that of existing algorithms because ofthe use of a larger block size when generating the mother code.Moreover, the disclosed algorithm can provide good throughput in termsof guaranteeing the target BLER of the second transmission. Also, thesecond transmission does not involve a separate Polar coding operationin contrast with the example of FIG. 4.

FIG. 10 illustrates a process 1000 for sending a final retransmission inaccordance with some aspects of the disclosure. The process 1000 maytake place within a processing circuit (e.g., the processing circuit1110 of FIG. 11), which may be located in a UE, a TRP, an accessterminal, a base station, or some other suitable apparatus (e.g., thatprovides encoding). Of course, in various aspects within the scope ofthe disclosure, the process 1000 may be implemented by any suitableapparatus capable of supporting communication-related operations.

At optional block 1002, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes anencoder) may determine the channel conditions. For example, theapparatus may monitor the long-term SNR.

At block 1004, the apparatus determine the target error rate (e.g.,BLER) for the final transmission.

At block 1006, the apparatus allocates resources for the finaltransmission based on the target error rate.

At block 1008, the apparatus conducts the final transmission using theallocated resources.

In some aspects, the process 1000 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

First Example Apparatus

FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram of an example hardwareimplementation of an apparatus 1100 configured to use encoding accordingto one or more aspects of the disclosure. The apparatus 1100 couldembody or be implemented within a UE, a transmit receive point (TRP), abase station, or some other type of device that supports encoding astaught herein. In various implementations, the apparatus 1100 couldembody or be implemented within an access terminal, an access point, orsome other type of device. In various implementations, the apparatus1100 could embody or be implemented within a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a portable computer, a server, a network entity, apersonal computer, a sensor, an alarm, a vehicle, a machine, anentertainment device, a medical device, or any other electronic devicehaving circuitry.

The apparatus 1100 includes a communication interface 1102 (e.g., atleast one transceiver), a storage medium 1104, a user interface 1106, amemory device 1108, and a processing circuit 1110 (e.g., at least oneprocessor). These components can be coupled to and/or placed inelectrical communication with one another via a signaling bus or othersuitable component, represented generally by the connection lines inFIG. 11. The signaling bus may include any number of interconnectingbuses and bridges depending on the specific application of theprocessing circuit 1110 and the overall design constraints. Thesignaling bus links together various circuits such that each of thecommunication interface 1102, the storage medium 1104, the userinterface 1106, and the memory device 1108 are coupled to and/or inelectrical communication with the processing circuit 1110. The signalingbus may also link various other circuits (not shown) such as timingsources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits,which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be describedany further.

The communication interface 1102 may be adapted to facilitate wirelesscommunication of the apparatus 1100. For example, the communicationinterface 1102 may include circuitry and/or programming adapted tofacilitate the communication of information bi-directionally withrespect to one or more communication devices in a network. Thus, in someimplementations, the communication interface 1102 may be coupled to oneor more antennas 1112 for wireless communication within a wirelesscommunication system. In some implementations, the communicationinterface 1102 may be configured for wire-based communication. Forexample, the communication interface 1102 could be a bus interface, asend/receive interface, or some other type of signal interface includingdrivers, buffers, or other circuitry for outputting and/or obtainingsignals (e.g., outputting signal from and/or receiving signals into anintegrated circuit). The communication interface 1102 can be configuredwith one or more standalone receivers and/or transmitters, as well asone or more transceivers. In the illustrated example, the communicationinterface 1102 includes a transmitter 1114 and a receiver 1116.

The memory device 1108 may represent one or more memory devices. Asindicated, the memory device 1108 may maintain coding-relatedinformation 1118 along with other information used by the apparatus1100. In some implementations, the memory device 1108 and the storagemedium 1104 are implemented as a common memory component. The memorydevice 1108 may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by theprocessing circuit 1110 or some other component of the apparatus 1100.

The storage medium 1104 may represent one or more computer-readable,machine-readable, and/or processor-readable devices for storingprogramming, such as processor executable code or instructions (e.g.,software, firmware), electronic data, databases, or other digitalinformation. The storage medium 1104 may also be used for storing datathat is manipulated by the processing circuit 1110 when executingprogramming. The storage medium 1104 may be any available media that canbe accessed by a general purpose or special purpose processor, includingportable or fixed storage devices, optical storage devices, and variousother mediums capable of storing, containing or carrying programming.

By way of example and not limitation, the storage medium 1104 mayinclude a magnetic storage device (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk,magnetic strip), an optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (CD) or a digitalversatile disc (DVD)), a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., acard, a stick, or a key drive), a random access memory (RAM), a readonly memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM),an electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), a register, a removable disk,and any other suitable medium for storing software and/or instructionsthat may be accessed and read by a computer. The storage medium 1104 maybe embodied in an article of manufacture (e.g., a computer programproduct). By way of example, a computer program product may include acomputer-readable medium in packaging materials. In view of the above,in some implementations, the storage medium 1104 may be a non-transitory(e.g., tangible) storage medium.

The storage medium 1104 may be coupled to the processing circuit 1110such that the processing circuit 1110 can read information from, andwrite information to, the storage medium 1104. That is, the storagemedium 1104 can be coupled to the processing circuit 1110 so that thestorage medium 1104 is at least accessible by the processing circuit1110, including examples where at least one storage medium is integralto the processing circuit 1110 and/or examples where at least onestorage medium is separate from the processing circuit 1110 (e.g.,resident in the apparatus 1100, external to the apparatus 1100,distributed across multiple entities, etc.).

Programming stored by the storage medium 1104, when executed by theprocessing circuit 1110, causes the processing circuit 1110 to performone or more of the various functions and/or process operations describedherein. For example, the storage medium 1104 may include operationsconfigured for regulating operations at one or more hardware blocks ofthe processing circuit 1110, as well as to utilize the communicationinterface 1102 for wireless communication utilizing their respectivecommunication protocols. In some aspects, the storage medium 1104 may bea non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executablecode, including code to perform operations as described herein.

The processing circuit 1110 is generally adapted for processing,including the execution of such programming stored on the storage medium1104. As used herein, the terms “code” or “programming” shall beconstrued broadly to include without limitation instructions,instruction sets, data, code, code segments, program code, programs,programming, subprograms, software modules, applications, softwareapplications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects,executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whetherreferred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardwaredescription language, or otherwise.

The processing circuit 1110 is arranged to obtain, process and/or senddata, control data access and storage, issue commands, and control otherdesired operations. The processing circuit 1110 may include circuitryconfigured to implement desired programming provided by appropriatemedia in at least one example. For example, the processing circuit 1110may be implemented as one or more processors, one or more controllers,and/or other structure configured to execute executable programmingExamples of the processing circuit 1110 may include a general purposeprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) orother programmable logic component, discrete gate or transistor logic,discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed toperform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor mayinclude a microprocessor, as well as any conventional processor,controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processing circuit1110 may also be implemented as a combination of computing components,such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a number ofmicroprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSPcore, an ASIC and a microprocessor, or any other number of varyingconfigurations. These examples of the processing circuit 1110 are forillustration and other suitable configurations within the scope of thedisclosure are also contemplated.

According to one or more aspects of the disclosure, the processingcircuit 1110 may be adapted to perform any or all of the features,processes, functions, operations and/or routines for any or all of theapparatuses described herein. For example, the processing circuit 1110may be configured to perform any of the steps, functions, and/orprocesses described with respect to FIGS. 1-10 and 12-19. As usedherein, the term “adapted” in relation to the processing circuit 1110may refer to the processing circuit 1110 being one or more ofconfigured, used, implemented, and/or programmed to perform a particularprocess, function, operation and/or routine according to variousfeatures described herein.

The processing circuit 1110 may be a specialized processor, such as anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that serves as a meansfor (e.g., structure for) carrying out any one of the operationsdescribed in conjunction with FIGS. 1-10 and 12-19. The processingcircuit 1110 may serve as one example of a means for transmitting and/ora means for receiving. In various implementations, the processingcircuit 1110 may provide and/or incorporate the functionality of thefirst wireless communication device 202 (e.g., the encoder 212) of FIG.2 or the encoder 2402 of FIG. 24.

According to at least one example of the apparatus 1100, the processingcircuit 1110 may include one or more of a circuit/module for encoding1120, a circuit/module for transmitting 1122, a circuit/module fordetermining that retransmission is needed 1124, a circuit/module forselecting a coding rate 1126, a circuit/module for determining a channelcondition 1128, a circuit/module for comparing 1130, a circuit/modulefor determining whether to transmit 1132, a circuit/module fordetermining a quantity of bits 1134, a circuit/module for determining atime budget 1136, or a circuit/module for selecting a quantity ofretransmissions 1138. In various implementations, the circuit/module forencoding 1120, the circuit/module for transmitting 1122, thecircuit/module for determining that retransmission is needed 1124, thecircuit/module for selecting a coding rate 1126, the circuit/module fordetermining a channel condition 1128, the circuit/module for comparing1130, the circuit/module for determining whether to transmit 1132, thecircuit/module for determining a quantity of bits 1134, thecircuit/module for determining a time budget 1136, or the circuit/modulefor selecting a quantity of retransmissions 1138 may provide and/orincorporate, at least in part, the functionality described above for thefirst wireless communication device 202 (e.g., the encoder 212) of FIG.2 or the encoder 2402 of FIG. 24.

As mentioned above, programming stored by the storage medium 1104, whenexecuted by the processing circuit 1110, causes the processing circuit1110 to perform one or more of the various functions and/or processoperations described herein. For example, the programming may cause theprocessing circuit 1110 to perform the various functions, steps, and/orprocesses described herein with respect to FIGS. 1-10 and 12-19 invarious implementations. As shown in FIG. 11, the storage medium 1104may include one or more of code for encoding 1140, code for transmitting1142, code for determining that retransmission is needed 1144, code forselecting a coding rate 1146, code for determining a channel condition1148, code for comparing 1150, code for determining whether to transmit1152, code for determining a quantity of bits 1154, code for determininga time budget 1156, or code for selecting a quantity of retransmissions1158. In various implementations, the code for encoding 1140, the codefor transmitting 1142, the code for determining that retransmission isneeded 1144, the code for selecting a coding rate 1146, the code fordetermining a channel condition 1148, the code for comparing 1150, thecode for determining whether to transmit 1152, the code for determininga quantity of bits 1154, the code for determining a quantity ofretransmissions time budget 1156, or the code for selecting a quantityof retransmissions 1158 may be executed or otherwise used to provide thefunctionality described herein for the circuit/module for encoding 1120,the circuit/module for transmitting 1122, the circuit/module fordetermining that retransmission is needed 1124, the circuit/module forselecting a coding rate 1126, the circuit/module for determining achannel condition 1128, the circuit/module for comparing 1130, thecircuit/module for determining whether to transmit 1132, thecircuit/module for determining a quantity of bits 1134, thecircuit/module for determining a time budget 1136, or the circuit/modulefor selecting a quantity of retransmissions 1138.

The circuit/module for encoding 1120 may include circuitry and/orprogramming (e.g., code for encoding 1140 stored on the storage medium1104) adapted to perform several functions relating to, for example,encoding information. In some aspects, the circuit/module for encoding1120 (e.g., a means for encoding) may correspond to, for example, aprocessing circuit.

In some aspects, the circuit/module for encoding 1120 may execute anencoding algorithm. For example, the circuit/module for encoding 1120may perform a block coding algorithm or a Polar coding algorithm. Insome aspects, the circuit/module for encoding 1120 may perform theencoding operations described above in conjunction with FIGS. 2 and5-10. The circuit/module for encoding 1120 then outputs the resultingencoded information (e.g., to the circuit/module for transmitting 1122,the communication interface 1102, the memory device 1108, or some othercomponent).

The circuit/module for transmitting 1122 may include circuitry and/orprogramming (e.g., code for transmitting 1142 stored on the storagemedium 1104) adapted to perform several functions relating to, forexample, causing information to be transmitted. In some implementations,the circuit/module for transmitting 1122 may obtain information (e.g.,from the circuit/module for encoding 1120, the memory device 1108, orsome other component of the apparatus 1100), process the information(e.g., encode the information for transmission), and provide theinformation to another component (e.g., the transmitter 1114, thecommunication interface 1102, or some other component) that willtransmit the information to another device. In some scenarios (e.g., ifthe circuit/module for transmitting 1122 is or includes a transmitter),the circuit/module for transmitting 1122 transmits the informationdirectly to another device (e.g., the ultimate destination) via radiofrequency signaling or some other type of signaling suitable for theapplicable communication medium.

The circuit/module for transmitting 1122 (e.g., a means fortransmitting) may take various forms. In some aspects, thecircuit/module for transmitting 1122 may correspond to, for example, aninterface (e.g., a bus interface, a send/receive interface, or someother type of signal interface), a communication device, a transceiver,a transmitter, or some other similar component as discussed herein. Insome implementations, the communication interface 1102 includes thecircuit/module for transmitting 1122 and/or the code for transmitting1142. In some implementations, the circuit/module for transmitting 1122and/or the code for transmitting 1142 is configured to control thecommunication interface 1102 (e.g., a transceiver or a transmitter) totransmit information.

The circuit/module for determining that retransmission is needed 1124may include circuitry and/or programming (e.g., code for determiningthat retransmission is needed 1144 stored on the storage medium 1104)adapted to perform several functions relating to, for example,determining whether to perform a retransmission. In some aspects, thecircuit/module for determining that retransmission is needed 1124 (e.g.,a means for determining that retransmission is needed) may correspondto, for example, a processing circuit.

In some scenarios, the circuit/module for determining thatretransmission is needed 1124 may obtain feedback information. Forexample, the circuit/module for determining that retransmission isneeded 1124 may obtain an ACK or NAK (e.g., from the communicationinterface 1102, the memory device 1108, or some other component of theapparatus 1100). The circuit/module for determining that retransmissionis needed 1124 may elect to retransmit if the feedback is a NAK or someother similar value. The circuit/module for determining thatretransmission is needed 1124 may then output an indication of thedetermination (e.g., to the circuit/module for transmitting 1122, thememory device 1108, or some other component).

The circuit/module for selecting a coding rate 1126 may includecircuitry and/or programming (e.g., code for selecting a coding rate1146 stored on the storage medium 1104) adapted to perform severalfunctions relating to, for example, selecting a coding rate for encodinginformation. In some aspects, the circuit/module for selecting a codingrate 1126 (e.g., a means for selecting a coding rate) may correspond to,for example, a processing circuit.

The circuit/module for selecting a coding rate 1126 may select a codingrate based on various inputs. For example, the circuit/module forselecting a coding rate 1126 may select a coding rate based on a targeterror rate, a channel condition, or some other input. Thus, thecircuit/module for selecting a coding rate 1126 may initially obtaininput information (e.g., from the circuit/module for determining achannel condition 1128, the memory device 1108, or some other componentof the apparatus 1100). The circuit/module for circuit/module forselecting a coding rate 1126 can thus determine the coding rate to beused based on the appropriate input (e.g., as discussed above inconjunction with FIGS. 5-10). The circuit/module for selecting a codingrate 1126 may then output an indication of the selection (e.g., to thecircuit/module for encoding 1120, the circuit/module for transmitting1122, the circuit/module for determining a quantity of bits 1134, thememory device 1108, an encoder, or some other component).

The circuit/module for determining a channel condition 1128 may includecircuitry and/or programming (e.g., code for determining a channelcondition 1148 stored on the storage medium 1104) adapted to performseveral functions relating to, for example, determining a condition of achannel over a period of time. In some aspects, the circuit/module fordetermining a channel condition 1128 (e.g., a means for determining achannel condition) may correspond to, for example, a processing circuit.

In some scenarios, the circuit/module for determining a channelcondition 1128 may invoke channel measurements. For example, thecircuit/module for determining a channel condition 1128 may control thecommunication interface 1102 to monitor the channel (and optionally sendpatterns for channel measurements by another device), or control someother component of the apparatus 1100. The circuit/module fordetermining a channel condition 1128 can therefore obtain receivedsignal information and process this information to generate at least onechannel estimate. The circuit/module for determining a channel condition1128 may then output an indication of the channel estimate (e.g., to thecircuit/module for selecting a coding rate 1126, the memory device 1108,or some other component).

The circuit/module for comparing 1130 may include circuitry and/orprogramming (e.g., code for comparing 1150 stored on the storage medium1104) adapted to perform several functions relating to, for example,comparing two values. In some aspects, the circuit/module for comparing1130 (e.g., a means for comparing) may correspond to, for example, aprocessing circuit.

In one scenario, the circuit/module for comparing 1130 obtains a firstcoding rate and a second coding rate (e.g., from the circuit/module forselecting a coding rate 1126, the memory device 1108, or some othercomponent of the apparatus 1100). The circuit/module for comparing 1130determines which one of these value is larger than the other one ofthese values (e.g., by performing a subtraction operation). Thecircuit/module for comparing 1130 may then output the result of thisdetermination (e.g., to the circuit/module for determining whether totransmit 1132, the memory device 1108, or some other component).

The circuit/module for determining whether to transmit 1132 may includecircuitry and/or programming (e.g., code for determining whether totransmit 1152 stored on the storage medium 1104) adapted to performseveral functions relating to, for example, determining whether totransmit information to another apparatus. In some aspects, thecircuit/module for determining whether to transmit 1132 (e.g., a meansfor determining whether to transmit) may correspond to, for example, aprocessing circuit.

In some scenarios, the circuit/module for determining whether totransmit 1132 may determine whether to transmit repetition information.For example, the circuit/module for determining whether to transmit 1132may determine whether an obtained coding rate is less than the codingrate of a first transmission. If so, repetition bits may need to betransmitted to meet the target BLER for the second transmission. Thecircuit/module for determining whether to transmit 1132 may then outputan indication of the above determination (e.g., to the circuit/modulefor transmitting 1122, the communication interface 1102, the memorydevice 1108, or some other component).

The circuit/module for determining a quantity of bits 1134 may includecircuitry and/or programming (e.g., code for determining a quantity ofbits 1154 stored on the storage medium 1104) adapted to perform severalfunctions relating to, for example, determining how many bits to use forrepetition. In some aspects, the circuit/module for determining aquantity of bits 1134 (e.g., a means for determining a quantity of bits)may correspond to, for example, a processing circuit.

The circuit/module for determining a quantity of bits 1134 may determinethe quantity of bits based on a coding rate. For example, if repetitionis needed, the circuit/module for determining a quantity of bits 1134may elect to repeat systematic information bits first (e.g., usinguniform repetition). In addition, if all of the systematic informationbits are repeated, some or all of the parity bits may be repeated (e.g.,uniformly) if there is room for the bits (e.g., depending on themodulation and coding scheme). Thus, the circuit/module for determininga quantity of bits 1134 may obtain coding rate information (e.g., fromthe circuit/module for selecting a coding rate 1126, the memory device1108, or some other component of the apparatus 1100). The circuit/modulefor determining a quantity of bits 1134 then calculates the number ofbits to use based on the coding rate information (e.g., as discussedabove). The circuit/module for determining a quantity of bits 1134 maythen output an indication of the number of bits (e.g., to thecircuit/module for encoding 1120, the memory device 1108, an encoder, orsome other component).

The circuit/module for determining a time budget 1136 may includecircuitry and/or programming (e.g., code for determining a time budget1156 stored on the storage medium 1104) adapted to perform severalfunctions relating to, for example, determining a time budget forretransmissions. In some aspects, the circuit/module for determining atime budget 1136 (e.g., a means for determining a time budget) maycorrespond to, for example, a processing circuit.

The circuit/module for determining a time budget 1136 may determine thetime budget based on the frame structure being used or some otherindication of a turn-around time or a communication allocation. Thus,the circuit/module for determining a time budget 1136 may initiallyobtain the appropriate input (e.g., from the communication interface1102, the memory device 1108, or some other component of the apparatus1100). The circuit/module for determining a time budget 1136 thencalculates the time budget based on the input information (e.g., basedon the number of frames allocated for transmission prior to aturn-around for reception). The circuit/module for determining a timebudget 1136 may then output an indication of the calculated time budget(e.g., to the circuit/module for selecting a quantity of retransmissions1138, the memory device 1108, or some other component).

The circuit/module for selecting a quantity of retransmissions 1138 mayinclude circuitry and/or programming (e.g., code for selecting aquantity of retransmissions 1158 stored on the storage medium 1104)adapted to perform several functions relating to, for example,determining how many retransmissions can be performed. In some aspects,the circuit/module for selecting a quantity of retransmissions 1138(e.g., a means for selecting a quantity of retransmissions) maycorrespond to, for example, a processing circuit.

The circuit/module for selecting a quantity of retransmissions 1138 maydetermine the number of retransmission to perform based on a timebudget. Thus, the circuit/module for selecting a quantity ofretransmissions 1138 may obtain time budget information (e.g., from thecircuit/module for determining a time budget 1136, the memory device1108, or some other component of the apparatus 1100). The circuit/modulefor selecting a quantity of retransmissions 1138 then calculates thenumber of retransmissions based on the time budget information (e.g., bydividing the time budget by the time it takes to complete aretransmission). The circuit/module for selecting a quantity ofretransmissions 1138 may then output an indication of the calculatednumber of retransmissions (e.g., to the circuit/module for transmitting1122, the memory device 1108, or some other component).

First Example Process

FIG. 12 illustrates a process 1200 for communication in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure. The process 1200 may take place within aprocessing circuit (e.g., the processing circuit 1110 of FIG. 11), whichmay be located in a UE, a TRP, an access terminal, a base station, orsome other suitable apparatus (e.g., that provides encoding). Of course,in various aspects within the scope of the disclosure, the process 1200may be implemented by any suitable apparatus capable of supportingcommunication-related operations.

At block 1202, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes an encoder)encodes first data to generate encoded data and encoded parityinformation. In some aspects, the encoding may include Polar coding. Insome aspects, the encoding may include systematic Polar coding.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for encoding 1120 of FIG. 11performs the operations of block 1202. In some implementations, the codefor encoding 1140 of FIG. 11 is executed to perform the operations ofblock 1202.

At block 1204, the apparatus transmits first information that includesthe encoded data and a portion of the encoded parity information fromblock 1202. In some aspects, the operations of block 1204 may beassociated with a first transmission.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for transmitting 1122 ofFIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1204. In some implementations,the code for transmitting 1142 of FIG. 11 is executed to perform theoperations of block 1204.

At block 1206, the apparatus determines that a retransmission is needed.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for determining thatretransmission is needed 1124 of FIG. 11 performs the operations ofblock 1206. In some implementations, the code for determining thatretransmission is needed 1144 of FIG. 11 is executed to perform theoperations of block 1206.

At block 1208, the apparatus transmits second information as a result ofthe determination that a retransmission is needed of block 1206. In someaspects, the second information may include at least a portion of theencoded parity information (e.g., parity information generated at block1202 that was not included in the first information).

In some implementations, the circuit/module for transmitting 1122 ofFIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1208. In some implementations,the code for transmitting 1142 of FIG. 11 is executed to perform theoperations of block 1208.

In some aspects, the process 1200 may further include transmitting atleast a third information after the transmitting of the firstinformation and before the transmitting of the second information. Insome aspects, the transmitting of the second information is a finaltransmission for the first data (e.g., a final transmission for the HARQprocess associated with transmission of the first data).

In some aspects, the process 1200 may further include selecting a firstcoding rate to meet a target error rate for the transmission of thesecond information. In this case, the first data may be encodedaccording to the first coding rate. In some aspects, the process 1200may further include determining a condition of a channel (e.g., asignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the channel) over a period to time. Inthis case, the first coding rate may be selected based on the SNR. Insome aspects, the process 1200 may further include selecting a secondcoding rate to meet a target error rate for the transmission of thefirst information. In this case, the first information may betransmitted according to the second coding rate.

In some aspects, the second information may include repetitioninformation. In some aspects, the repetition information may include theencoded data. In some aspects, the repetition information may include atleast a portion of the encoded parity information. In some aspects, theprocess 1200 may further include comparing a first coding rate for thetransmission of the first information to a second coding rate for thetransmission of the second information, and determining, based on thecomparison, whether to transmit the repetition information. In someaspects, the process 1200 may further include determining a quantity ofbits for the repetition information based on a coding rate for thetransmission of the second information.

In some aspects, the process 1200 may further include selecting aquantity of retransmissions based on a time budget.

In some aspects, the process 1200 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Second Example Process

FIG. 13 illustrates a process 1300 for communication in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure. One or more aspects of the process 1300may be used in conjunction with (e.g., in addition to or as part of) theprocess 1200 of FIG. 12. The process 1300 may take place within aprocessing circuit (e.g., the processing circuit 1110 of FIG. 11), whichmay be located in a UE, a TRP, an access terminal, a base station, orsome other suitable apparatus (e.g., that provides encoding). Of course,in various aspects within the scope of the disclosure, the process 1300may be implemented by any suitable apparatus capable of supportingcommunication-related operations.

At block 1302, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes an encoder)transmits first information that includes the encoded data and a portionof the encoded parity information. In some aspects, the operations ofblock 1302 may correspond to the operations of block 1204 of FIG. 12.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for transmitting 1122 ofFIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1302. In some implementations,the code for transmitting 1142 of FIG. 11 is executed to perform theoperations of block 1302.

At block 1304, the apparatus determines that a retransmission is needed.In some aspects, the operations of block 1304 may correspond to theoperations of block 1206 of FIG. 12.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for determining thatretransmission is needed 1124 of FIG. 11 performs the operations ofblock 1304. In some implementations, the code for determining thatretransmission is needed 1144 of FIG. 11 is executed to perform theoperations of block 1304.

At block 1306, the apparatus transmits third information as a result ofthe determination that a retransmission is needed of block 1304. In somescenarios, the third information may be the same as or similar to thefirst information transmitted at block 1302.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for transmitting 1122 ofFIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1306. In some implementations,the code for transmitting 1142 of FIG. 11 is executed to perform theoperations of block 1306.

At block 1308, the apparatus transmits second information as a result ofthe determination of block 1306 (or a subsequent determination that atleast one other retransmission is needed). In some aspects, theoperations of block 1308 may correspond to the operations of block 1208of FIG. 12. Thus, the second information may include at least a portionof the encoded parity information that was not included in the firstinformation. In some aspects, the transmission of the second informationis a final transmission for the first data (e.g., a final transmissionfor the HARQ process associated with transmission of the first data).

In some implementations, the circuit/module for transmitting 1122 ofFIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1308. In some implementations,the code for transmitting 1142 of FIG. 11 is executed to perform theoperations of block 1308.

In some aspects, the process 1300 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Third Example Process

FIG. 14 illustrates a process 1400 for communication in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure. One or more aspects of the process 1400may be used in conjunction with (e.g., in addition to or as part of) theprocess 1200 of FIG. 12 and/or the process 1300 of FIG. 13. For example,the process 1400 may correspond, at least in some aspects, to block 1202of FIG. 12. The process 1400 may take place within a processing circuit(e.g., the processing circuit 1110 of FIG. 11), which may be located ina UE, a TRP, an access terminal, a base station, or some other suitableapparatus (e.g., that provides encoding). Of course, in various aspectswithin the scope of the disclosure, the process 1400 may be implementedby any suitable apparatus capable of supporting communication-relatedoperations.

At block 1402, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes an encoder)selects a first coding rate to meet a target error rate for thetransmission of the second information (e.g., at block 1208 of FIG. 12).

In some implementations, the circuit/module for selecting a coding rate1126 of FIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1402. In someimplementations, the code for selecting a coding rate 1146 of FIG. 11 isexecuted to perform the operations of block 1402.

At block 1404, the apparatus encodes the first data according to thefirst coding rate.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for encoding 1120 of FIG. 11performs the operations of block 1404. In some implementations, the codefor encoding 1140 of FIG. 11 is executed to perform the operations ofblock 1404.

In some aspects, the process 1400 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Fourth Example Process

FIG. 15 illustrates a process 1500 for communication in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure. One or more aspects of the process 1500may be used in conjunction with (e.g., in addition to or as part of) theprocess 1200 of FIG. 12 and/or the process 1300 of FIG. 13. For example,the process 1500 may correspond, at least in some aspects, to block 1402of FIG. 14. The process 1500 may take place within a processing circuit(e.g., the processing circuit 1110 of FIG. 11), which may be located ina UE, a TRP, an access terminal, a base station, or some other suitableapparatus (e.g., that provides encoding). Of course, in various aspectswithin the scope of the disclosure, the process 1500 may be implementedby any suitable apparatus capable of supporting communication-relatedoperations.

At block 1502, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes an encoder)determines a condition of a channel over a period of time.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for determining a channelcondition 1128 of FIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1502. In someimplementations, the code for determining a channel condition 1148 ofFIG. 11 is executed to perform the operations of block 1502.

At block 1504, the apparatus selects the first coding rate based on thecondition of the channel. For example, the target error rate of block1402 of FIG. 14 may be calculated based on the channel conditiondetermined at block 1502. Thus, the selection of the first coding rateto meet the target error rate may be based on the channel condition.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for selecting a coding rate1126 of FIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1504. In someimplementations, the code for selecting a coding rate 1146 of FIG. 11 isexecuted to perform the operations of block 1504.

In some aspects, the process 1500 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Fifth Example Process

FIG. 16 illustrates a process 1600 for communication in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure. One or more aspects of the process 1600may be used in conjunction with (e.g., in addition to or as part of) theprocess 1200 of FIG. 12 and/or the process 1300 of FIG. 13. For example,the process 1600 may correspond, at least in some aspects, to block 1204of FIG. 12. The process 1600 may take place within a processing circuit(e.g., the processing circuit 1110 of FIG. 11), which may be located ina UE, a TRP, an access terminal, a base station, or some other suitableapparatus (e.g., that provides encoding). Of course, in various aspectswithin the scope of the disclosure, the process 1600 may be implementedby any suitable apparatus capable of supporting communication-relatedoperations.

At block 1602, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes an encoder)selects a second coding rate to meet a target error rate for thetransmission of the first information. For example, this coding rate maybe used to determine the puncturing to be applied to a mother code.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for selecting a coding rate1126 of FIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1602. In someimplementations, the code for selecting a coding rate 1146 of FIG. 11 isexecuted to perform the operations of block 1602.

At block 1604, the apparatus transmits the first information accordingto the second coding rate. For example, this transmission may correspondto the first transmission 612 of FIG. 6.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for transmitting 1122 ofFIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1604. In some implementations,the code for transmitting 1142 of FIG. 11 is executed to perform theoperations of block 1604.

In some aspects, the process 1600 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Sixth Example Process

FIG. 17 illustrates a process 1700 for communication in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure. One or more aspects of the process 1700may be used in conjunction with (e.g., in addition to or as part of) theprocess 1200 of FIG. 12 and/or the process 1300 of FIG. 13. For example,the process 1700 may correspond, at least in some aspects, to block 1208of FIG. 12. The process 1700 may take place within a processing circuit(e.g., the processing circuit 1110 of FIG. 11), which may be located ina UE, a TRP, an access terminal, a base station, or some other suitableapparatus (e.g., that provides encoding). Of course, in various aspectswithin the scope of the disclosure, the process 1700 may be implementedby any suitable apparatus capable of supporting communication-relatedoperations.

At block 1702, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes an encoder)compares a first coding rate for the transmission of the firstinformation to a second coding rate for the transmission of the secondinformation. For example, the first coding rate of block 1402 of FIG. 14may be compared to the second coding rate of block 1802 of FIG. 18.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for comparing 1130 of FIG.11 performs the operations of block 1702. In some implementations, thecode for comparing 1150 of FIG. 11 is executed to perform the operationsof block 1702.

At block 1704, the apparatus determines, based on the comparison,whether to transmit repetition information. For example, the apparatusmay transmit the repetition information if the second coding rate isless than the first coding rate.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for determining whether totransmit 1132 of FIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1704. In someimplementations, the code for determining whether to transmit 1152 ofFIG. 11 is executed to perform the operations of block 1704.

In some aspects, the process 1700 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Seventh Example Process

FIG. 18 illustrates a process 1800 for communication in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure. One or more aspects of the process 1800may be used in conjunction with (e.g., in addition to or as part of) theprocess 1200 of FIG. 12 and/or the process 1300 of FIG. 13. For example,the process 1800 may correspond, at least in some aspects, to block 1208of FIG. 12. The process 1800 may take place within a processing circuit(e.g., the processing circuit 1110 of FIG. 11), which may be located ina UE, a TRP, an access terminal, a base station, or some other suitableapparatus (e.g., that provides encoding). Of course, in various aspectswithin the scope of the disclosure, the process 1800 may be implementedby any suitable apparatus capable of supporting communication-relatedoperations.

At block 1802, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes an encoder)selects a coding rate for the transmission of the second information. Insome aspects, this selection may be based on CQI feedback.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for selecting a coding rate1126 of FIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1802. In someimplementations, the code for selecting a coding rate 1146 of FIG. 11 isexecuted to perform the operations of block 1802.

At block 1804, the apparatus determines a quantity of bits for therepetition information based on a coding rate for the transmission ofthe second information. For example, additional repetition bits may beused if the coding rate allows for the additional bits.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for determining a quantityof bits 1134 of FIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1804. In someimplementations, the code for determining a quantity of bits 1154 ofFIG. 11 is executed to perform the operations of block 1804.

In some aspects, the process 1800 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Eighth Example Process

FIG. 19 illustrates a process 1900 for communication in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure. One or more aspects of the process 1900may be used in conjunction with (e.g., in addition to or as part of) theprocess 1200 of FIG. 12 and/or the process 1300 of FIG. 13. The process1900 may take place within a processing circuit (e.g., the processingcircuit 1110 of FIG. 11), which may be located in a UE, a TRP, an accessterminal, a base station, or some other suitable apparatus (e.g., thatprovides encoding). Of course, in various aspects within the scope ofthe disclosure, the process 1900 may be implemented by any suitableapparatus capable of supporting communication-related operations.

At block 1902, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes an encoder)determines a time budget. For example, the apparatus may calculate thetime budget based on the frame structure to be used for a HARQ process.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for determining a timebudget 1136 of FIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1902. In someimplementations, the code for determining a time budget 1156 of FIG. 11is executed to perform the operations of block 1902.

At block 1904, the apparatus selects, based on the time budget, aquantity of retransmissions associated with the transmission of thefirst information. For example, the apparatus may determine the quantityof expected retransmissions by dividing the time budget by the durationof a retransmission (e.g., the maximum amount of time that aretransmission would take).

In some implementations, the circuit/module for selecting a quantity ofretransmissions 1138 of FIG. 11 performs the operations of block 1904.In some implementations, the code for selecting a quantity ofretransmissions 1158 of FIG. 11 is executed to perform the operations ofblock 1904.

In some aspects, the process 1900 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Second Example Apparatus

FIG. 20 illustrates a block diagram of an example hardwareimplementation of an apparatus 2000 configured to use encoding accordingto one or more aspects of the disclosure. The apparatus 2000 couldembody or be implemented within a UE, a transmit receive point (TRP), abase station, or some other type of device that supports encoding astaught herein. In various implementations, the apparatus 2000 couldembody or be implemented within an access terminal, an access point, orsome other type of device. In various implementations, the apparatus2000 could embody or be implemented within a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a portable computer, a server, a network entity, apersonal computer, a sensor, an alarm, a vehicle, a machine, anentertainment device, a medical device, or any other electronic devicehaving circuitry.

The apparatus 2000 includes a communication interface (e.g., at leastone transceiver) 2002, a storage medium 2004, a user interface 2006, amemory device 2008 (e.g., storing coding information 2018), and aprocessing circuit (e.g., at least one processor) 2010. In variousimplementations, the user interface 2006 may include one or more of: akeypad, a display, a speaker, a microphone, a touchscreen display, ofsome other circuitry for receiving an input from or sending an output toa user. The communication interface 2002 may be coupled to one or moreantennas 2012, and may include a transmitter 2014 and a receiver 2016.In general, the components of FIG. 20 may be similar to correspondingcomponents of the apparatus 1100 of FIG. 11.

According to one or more aspects of the disclosure, the processingcircuit 2010 may be adapted to perform any or all of the features,processes, functions, operations and/or routines for any or all of theapparatuses described herein. For example, the processing circuit 2010may be configured to perform any of the steps, functions, and/orprocesses described with respect to FIGS. 1-10 and 21-23. As usedherein, the term “adapted” in relation to the processing circuit 2010may refer to the processing circuit 2010 being one or more ofconfigured, used, implemented, and/or programmed to perform a particularprocess, function, operation and/or routine according to variousfeatures described herein.

The processing circuit 2010 may be a specialized processor, such as anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that serves as a meansfor (e.g., structure for) carrying out any one of the operationsdescribed in conjunction with FIGS. 1-10 and 21-23. The processingcircuit 2010 serves as one example of a means for transmitting and/or ameans for receiving. In various implementations, the processing circuit2010 may provide and/or incorporate the functionality of the secondwireless communication device 204 (e.g., the decoder 214) of FIG. 2 orthe decoder 2404 of FIG. 24.

According to at least one example of the apparatus 2000, the processingcircuit 2010 may include one or more of a circuit/module for receiving2020, a circuit/module for decoding 2022, a circuit/module for sending2024, a circuit/module for determining a quantity of expectedretransmissions 2026, or a circuit/module for determining a time budget2028. In various implementations, the circuit/module for receiving 2020,the circuit/module for decoding 2022, the circuit/module for sending2024, the circuit/module for determining a quantity of expectedretransmissions 2026, or the circuit/module for determining a timebudget 2028 may provide and/or incorporate, at least in part, thefunctionality described above for the second wireless communicationdevice 204 (e.g., the decoder 214) of FIG. 2 or the decoder 2404 of FIG.24.

As mentioned above, programming stored by the storage medium 2004, whenexecuted by the processing circuit 2010, causes the processing circuit2010 to perform one or more of the various functions and/or processoperations described herein. For example, the programming may cause theprocessing circuit 2010 to perform the various functions, steps, and/orprocesses described herein with respect to FIGS. 1-10 and 21-23 invarious implementations. As shown in FIG. 20, the storage medium 2004may include one or more of code for receiving 2030, code for decoding2032, code for sending 2034, code for determining a quantity of expectedretransmissions 2036, or code for determining a time budget 2038. Invarious implementations, the code for receiving 2030, the code fordecoding 2032, the code for sending 2034, the code for determining aquantity of expected retransmissions 2036, or the code for determining atime budget 2038 may be executed or otherwise used to provide thefunctionality described herein for the circuit/module for receiving2020, the circuit/module for decoding 2022, the circuit/module forsending 2024, the circuit/module for determining a quantity of expectedretransmissions 2026, or the circuit/module for determining a timebudget 2028.

The circuit/module for receiving 2020 may include circuitry and/orprogramming (e.g., code for receiving 2030 stored on the storage medium2004) adapted to perform several functions relating to, for example,receiving information. In some scenarios, the circuit/module forreceiving 2020 may obtain information (e.g., from the communicationinterface 2002, the memory device 2008, or some other component of theapparatus 2000) and process (e.g., decode) the information. In somescenarios (e.g., if the circuit/module for receiving 2020 is or includesa radio frequency receiver), the circuit/module for receiving 2020 mayreceive information directly from a device that transmitted theinformation. In either case, the circuit/module for receiving 2020 mayoutput the obtained information to another component of the apparatus2000 (e.g., the circuit/module for decoding 2022, the memory device2008, or some other component).

The circuit/module for receiving 2020 (e.g., a means for receiving) maytake various forms. In some aspects, the circuit/module for receiving2020 may correspond to, for example, an interface (e.g., a businterface, a send/receive interface, or some other type of signalinterface), a communication device, a transceiver, a receiver, or someother similar component as discussed herein. In some implementations,the communication interface 2002 includes the circuit/module forreceiving 2020 and/or the code for receiving 2030. In someimplementations, the circuit/module for receiving 2020 and/or the codefor receiving 2030 is configured to control the communication interface2002 (e.g., a transceiver or a receiver) to receive information.

The circuit/module for decoding 2022 may include circuitry and/orprogramming (e.g., code for decoding 2032 stored on the storage medium2004) adapted to perform several functions relating to, for example,decoding information. In some aspects, the circuit/module for decoding2022 (e.g., a means for decoding) may correspond to, for example, aprocessing circuit.

In some aspects, the circuit/module for decoding 2022 may execute adecoding algorithm. For example, the circuit/module for decoding 2022may perform an SC decoding algorithm. In some aspects, thecircuit/module for encoding 2020 may perform the decoding operationsdescribed above in conjunction with FIG. 2. The circuit/module forencoding 2020 then outputs the resulting decoded information (e.g., tothe circuit/module for sending 2024, the communication interface 2002,the memory device 2008, or some other component).

The circuit/module for sending 2024 may include circuitry and/orprogramming (e.g., code for sending 2034 stored on the storage medium2004) adapted to perform several functions relating to, for example,sending (e.g., transmitting) information. In some implementations, thecircuit/module for sending 2024 may obtain information (e.g., from thecircuit/module for decoding 2022, the memory device 2008, or some othercomponent of the apparatus 2000), process the information (e.g., encodethe information for transmission), and provide the information toanother component (e.g., the transmitter 2014, the communicationinterface 2002, or some other component) that will transmit theinformation to another apparatus. In some scenarios (e.g., if thecircuit/module for sending 2024 includes a transmitter), thecircuit/module for sending 2024 transmits the information directly toanother apparatus (e.g., the ultimate destination) via radio frequencysignaling or some other type of signaling suitable for the applicablecommunication medium.

The circuit/module for sending 2024 (e.g., a means for sending) may takevarious forms. In some aspects, the circuit/module for sending 2024 maycorrespond to, for example, an interface (e.g., a bus interface, asend/receive interface, or some other type of signal interface), acommunication device, a transceiver, a transmitter, or some othersimilar component as discussed herein. In some implementations, thecommunication interface 2002 includes the circuit/module for sending2024 and/or the code for sending 2034. In some implementations, thecircuit/module for sending 2024 and/or the code for sending 2034 isconfigured to control the communication interface 2002 (e.g., atransceiver or a transmitter) to send information.

The circuit/module for determining a quantity of expectedretransmissions 2026 may include circuitry and/or programming (e.g.,code for determining a quantity of expected retransmissions 2036 storedon the storage medium 2004) adapted to perform several functionsrelating to, for example, determining how many retransmissions may bereceived. In some aspects, the circuit/module for determining a quantityof expected retransmissions 2026 (e.g., a means for determining aquantity of expected retransmissions) may correspond to, for example, aprocessing circuit.

The circuit/module for determining a quantity of expectedretransmissions 2026 may determine the number of retransmission toexpect based on a time budget. Thus, the circuit/module for determininga quantity of expected retransmissions 2026 may obtain time budgetinformation (e.g., from the circuit/module for determining a time budget2028, the memory device 2008, or some other component of the apparatus2000). The circuit/module for determining a quantity of expectedretransmissions 2026 can then calculate the number of retransmissionsbased on the time budget information (e.g., by dividing the time budgetby the time it takes to complete a retransmission). The circuit/modulefor determining a quantity of expected retransmissions 2026 may thenoutput an indication of the calculated number of retransmissions (e.g.,to the circuit/module for receiving 2020, the memory device 2008, orsome other component).

The circuit/module for determining a time budget 2028 may includecircuitry and/or programming (e.g., code for determining a time budget2038 stored on the storage medium 2004) adapted to perform severalfunctions relating to, for example, determining a time budget forretransmissions. In some aspects, the circuit/module for determining atime budget 2028 (e.g., a means for determining a time budget) maycorrespond to, for example, a processing circuit.

The circuit/module for determining a time budget 2028 may determine thetime budget based on the frame structure being used or some otherindication of a turn-around time or a communication allocation. Thus,the circuit/module for determining a time budget 2028 may obtain theappropriate input (e.g., from the communication interface 2002, thememory device 2008, or some other component of the apparatus 2000). Thecircuit/module for determining a time budget 2028 can then calculate thetime budget based on input information (e.g., based on the number offrames allocated for transmission prior to a turn-around for reception).The circuit/module for determining a time budget 2028 may then output anindication of the calculated time budget (e.g., to the circuit/modulefor determining a quantity of expected retransmissions 2026, the memorydevice 2008, or some other component).

Ninth Example Process

FIG. 21 illustrates a process 2100 for communication in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure. The process 2100 may take place within aprocessing circuit (e.g., the processing circuit 2010 of FIG. 20), whichmay be located in a UE, a TRP, an access terminal, a base station, orsome other suitable apparatus (e.g., that provides decoding). Of course,in various aspects within the scope of the disclosure, the process 2100may be implemented by any suitable apparatus capable of supportingcommunication-related operations.

At block 2102, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes a decoder)receives first information that includes encoded data and encoded parityinformation. In some aspects, the encoded data and the encoded parityinformation may include Polar coded information. In some aspects, theencoded data and the encoded parity information may include systematicPolar coded information.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for receiving 2020 of FIG.20 performs the operations of block 2102. In some implementations, thecode for receiving 2030 of FIG. 20 is executed to perform the operationsof block 2102.

At block 2104, the apparatus decodes the first information. For example,the apparatus may include an SC decoder.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for decoding 2022 of FIG. 20performs the operations of block 2104. In some implementations, the codefor decoding 2032 of FIG. 20 is executed to perform the operations ofblock 2104.

At block 2106, the apparatus sends an indication that a retransmissionis needed based on the decoding. For example, the apparatus may send aNAK if the apparatus was not able to successfully decode the firstinformation.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for sending 2024 of FIG. 20performs the operations of block 2106. In some implementations, the codefor sending 2034 of FIG. 20 is executed to perform the operations ofblock 2106.

At block 2108, the apparatus receives second information includingadditional encoded parity information. In some aspects, the apparatusmay receive the second information after sending the indication at block2106. In some aspects, the second information may include at least aportion of the encoded parity information. In some aspects, the secondinformation may include at least a portion of the encoded data.

In some aspects, the second information may further include repetitioninformation. In some aspects, the repetition information may include atleast a portion of the encoded data. In some aspects, the repetitioninformation may include at least a portion of the encoded parityinformation.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for receiving 2020 of FIG.20 performs the operations of block 2108. In some implementations, thecode for receiving 2030 of FIG. 20 is executed to perform the operationsof block 2108.

At block 2110, the apparatus decodes the first information using thesecond information. For example, the apparatus may use parity bits fromthe second information to decide the first information. As anotherexample, the apparatus may perform soft combining.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for decoding 2022 of FIG. 20performs the operations of block 2110. In some implementations, the codefor decoding 2032 of FIG. 20 is executed to perform the operations ofblock 2110.

In some aspects, the process 2100 may further include receiving at leasta third information after the reception of the first information andbefore the reception of the second information. In some aspects, thereception of the second information may be a final reception associatedwith the first information (e.g., a final reception of the HARQ processassociated with transmission of the first information).

In some aspects, the process 2100 may further include determining anexpected quantity of expected retransmissions based on a time budget.For example, the apparatus may receive an indication of the time budgetand determine the quantity of expected retransmission based on theduration of a retransmission (e.g., the maximum amount of time that aretransmission would take).

In some aspects, the process 2100 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Tenth Example Process

FIG. 22 illustrates a process 2200 for communication in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure. One or more aspects of the process 2200may be used in conjunction with (e.g., in addition to or as part of) theprocess 2100 of FIG. 21. The process 2200 may take place within aprocessing circuit (e.g., the processing circuit 2010 of FIG. 20), whichmay be located in a UE, a TRP, an access terminal, a base station, orsome other suitable apparatus (e.g., that provides decoding). Of course,in various aspects within the scope of the disclosure, the process 2200may be implemented by any suitable apparatus capable of supportingcommunication-related operations.

At block 2202, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes a decoder)receives first information that includes encoded data and encoded parityinformation. In some aspects, the operations of block 2202 maycorrespond to the operations of block 2102 of FIG. 21.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for receiving 2020 of FIG.20 performs the operations of block 2202. In some implementations, thecode for receiving 2030 of FIG. 20 is executed to perform the operationsof block 2202.

At block 2204, the apparatus sends an indication that a retransmissionis needed. In some aspects, the operations of block 2204 may correspondto the operations of block 2106 of FIG. 21. Thus, the apparatus may senda NAK if the apparatus was not able to successfully decode the firstinformation.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for sending 2024 of FIG. 20performs the operations of block 2204. In some implementations, the codefor sending 2034 of FIG. 20 is executed to perform the operations ofblock 2204.

At block 2206, the apparatus receives third information after sendingthe indication. In some aspects, the third information may include acopy of the encoded data and the encoded parity information that wassent by an encoding apparatus in the first information.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for receiving 2020 of FIG.20 performs the operations of block 2206. In some implementations, thecode for receiving 2030 of FIG. 20 is executed to perform the operationsof block 2206.

At block 2208, the apparatus receives second information. In someaspects, the operations of block 2208 may correspond to the operationsof block 2108 of FIG. 21. Thus, the reception of the second informationmay be a final reception associated with the first information (e.g., afinal reception of the HARQ process associated with transmission of thefirst information).

In some aspects, the second information may include at least a portionof the encoded parity information. In some aspects, the secondinformation may include at least a portion of the encoded data.

In some aspects, the second information may further include repetitioninformation. In some aspects, the repetition information may include atleast a portion of the encoded data. In some aspects, the repetitioninformation may include at least a portion of the encoded parityinformation.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for receiving 2020 of FIG.20 performs the operations of block 2208. In some implementations, thecode for receiving 2030 of FIG. 20 is executed to perform the operationsof block 2208.

At block 2210, the apparatus decodes the first information using thesecond information. In some aspects, the operations of block 2210 maycorrespond to the operations of block 2110 of FIG. 21.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for decoding 2022 of FIG. 20performs the operations of block 2210. In some implementations, the codefor decoding 2032 of FIG. 20 is executed to perform the operations ofblock 2210.

In some aspects, the process 2200 may further include determining anexpected quantity of expected retransmissions based on a time budget.

In some aspects, the process 2200 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Eleventh Example Process

FIG. 23 illustrates a process 2300 for communication in accordance withsome aspects of the disclosure. One or more aspects of the process 2300may be used in conjunction with (e.g., in addition to or as part of) theprocess 2100 of FIG. 21 and/or the process 2200 of FIG. 22. The process2300 may take place within a processing circuit (e.g., the processingcircuit 2010 of FIG. 20), which may be located in a UE, a TRP, an accessterminal, a base station, or some other suitable apparatus (e.g., thatprovides decoding). Of course, in various aspects within the scope ofthe disclosure, the process 2300 may be implemented by any suitableapparatus capable of supporting communication-related operations.

At block 2302, an apparatus (e.g., a device that includes a decoder)determines a time budget. For example, the apparatus may receive anindication of the time budget (e.g., from an encoding apparatus or ascheduling entity) or calculate the time budget.

In some implementations, the circuit/module for determining a timebudget 2028 of FIG. 20 performs the operations of block 2302. In someimplementations, the code for determining a time budget 2038 of FIG. 20is executed to perform the operations of block 2302.

At block 2304, the apparatus determines, based on the time budget, aquantity of expected retransmissions. In some aspects, receipt of thefirst information (e.g., at block 2102 of FIG. 21) is associated with afirst transmission, such that the quantity of expected retransmissionsis associated with the first transmission. In some aspects, theapparatus may determine the quantity of expected retransmissions bydividing the time budget by the duration of a retransmission (e.g., themaximum amount of time that a retransmission would take).

In some implementations, the circuit/module for determining a quantityof expected retransmissions 2026 of FIG. 20 performs the operations ofblock 2304. In some implementations, the code for determining a quantityof expected retransmissions 2036 of FIG. 20 is executed to perform theoperations of block 2304.

In some aspects, the process 2300 may include any combination of two ormore of the above features.

Example Encoder and Decoder

FIG. 24 illustrates an example encoder 2402 and an example decoder 2404constructed in accordance with the teachings herein. In some aspects,the encoder 2402 and the decoder 2404 may correspond to the encoder 212and the decoder 214 of FIG. 2, respectively.

The encoder 2402 encodes data 2406 to generate encoded data 2408. Inaccordance with the teachings herein, the encoder 2402 may includefunctionality for Polar coding with retransmissions that may includeparity information that was not included (e.g., was punctured) in anearlier transmission 2410.

The decoder 2404 decodes the encoded data 2408 (e.g., after transmissionover a communication channel, not shown) to provide recovered data 2412.In accordance with the teachings herein, the decoder 2404 may includefunctionality for decoding information from an earlier transmissionusing parity information received in a subsequent transmission 2414. Asdiscussed above, in a typical implementation, the parity information wasnot included (e.g., was punctured) in the earlier transmission.

In some implementations, the encoder 2402 may include an interface 2416,an interface 2418, or both. Similarly, the decoder 2404 may include aninterface 2420, an interface 2422, or both. An interface may include,for example, an interface bus, bus drivers, bus receivers, othersuitable circuitry, or a combination thereof. For example, the interface2416 or the interface 2420 may include receiver devices, buffers, orother circuitry for receiving a signal. As another example, theinterface 2418 or the interface 2422 may include output devices,drivers, or other circuitry for sending a signal. In someimplementations, the interfaces 2416 and 2418 may be configured tointerface one or more other components of the encoder 2402 (othercomponents not shown in FIG. 24). Similarly, the interfaces 2420 and2422 may be configured to interface one or more other components of thedecoder 2404 (other components not shown in FIG. 24).

The encoder 2402 and the decoder 2404 may take different forms indifferent implementations. In some cases, the encoder 2402 and/or thedecoder 2404 may be an integrated circuit. In some cases, the encoder2402 and/or the decoder 2404 may be included in an integrated circuitthat includes other circuitry (e.g., a processor and related circuitry).

Additional Aspects

The examples set forth herein are provided to illustrate certainconcepts of the disclosure. Those of ordinary skill in the art willcomprehend that these are merely illustrative in nature, and otherexamples may fall within the scope of the disclosure and the appendedclaims. Based on the teachings herein those skilled in the art shouldappreciate that an aspect disclosed herein may be implementedindependently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspectsmay be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may beimplemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspectsset forth herein. In addition, such an apparatus may be implemented orsuch a method may be practiced using other structure, functionality, orstructure and functionality in addition to or other than one or more ofthe aspects set forth herein.

As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, various aspectsdescribed throughout this disclosure may be extended to any suitabletelecommunication system, network architecture, and communicationstandard. By way of example, various aspects may be applied to wide areanetworks, peer-to-peer network, local area network, other suitablesystems, or any combination thereof, including those described byyet-to-be defined standards. Various aspects may be applied to 3GPP 5Gsystems and/or other suitable systems, including those described byyet-to-be defined wide area network standards. Various aspects may alsobe applied to systems using LTE (in FDD, TDD, or both modes),LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) (in FDD, TDD, or both modes), Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS), Global System for MobileCommunications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), CDMA2000,Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB),Bluetooth, and/or other suitable systems. Various aspects may also beapplied to UMTS systems such as W-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, and TD-CDMA. Theactual telecommunication standard, network architecture, and/orcommunication standard used will depend on the specific application andthe overall design constraints imposed on the system.

Many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions to beperformed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will berecognized that various actions described herein can be performed byspecific circuits, for example, central processing units (CPUs), graphicprocessing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), applicationspecific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs), or various other types of general purpose or special purposeprocessors or circuits, by program instructions being executed by one ormore processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, thesesequence of actions described herein can be considered to be embodiedentirely within any form of computer readable storage medium havingstored therein a corresponding set of computer instructions that uponexecution would cause an associated processor to perform thefunctionality described herein. Thus, the various aspects of thedisclosure may be embodied in a number of different forms, all of whichhave been contemplated to be within the scope of the claimed subjectmatter. In addition, for each of the aspects described herein, thecorresponding form of any such aspects may be described herein as, forexample, “logic configured to” perform the described action.

Those of skill in the art will appreciate that information and signalsmay be represented using any of a variety of different technologies andtechniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information,signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout theabove description may be represented by voltages, currents,electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields orparticles, or any combination thereof.

Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the variousillustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm stepsdescribed in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may beimplemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinationsof both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware andsoftware, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits,and steps have been described above generally in terms of theirfunctionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware orsoftware depends upon the particular application and design constraintsimposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement thedescribed functionality in varying ways for each particular application,but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing adeparture from the scope of the disclosure.

One or more of the components, steps, features and/or functionsillustrated in above may be rearranged and/or combined into a singlecomponent, step, feature or function or embodied in several components,steps, or functions. Additional elements, components, steps, and/orfunctions may also be added without departing from novel featuresdisclosed herein. The apparatus, devices, and/or components illustratedabove may be configured to perform one or more of the methods, features,or steps described herein. The novel algorithms described herein mayalso be efficiently implemented in software and/or embedded in hardware.

It is to be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps inthe methods disclosed is an illustration of example processes. Basedupon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order orhierarchy of steps in the methods may be rearranged. The accompanyingmethod claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order,and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchypresented unless specifically recited therein.

The methods, sequences or algorithms described in connection with theaspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in asoftware module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two.A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory,EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, aCD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exampleof a storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processorcan read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor.

The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example,instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary”is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous overother aspects. Likewise, the term “aspects” does not require that allaspects include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularaspects only and is not intended to be limiting of the aspects. As usedherein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to includethe plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,”“comprising,” “includes” or “including,” when used herein, specify thepresence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, orcomponents, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, orgroups thereof. Moreover, it is understood that the word “or” has thesame meaning as the Boolean operator “OR,” that is, it encompasses thepossibilities of “either” and “both” and is not limited to “exclusiveor” (“XOR”), unless expressly stated otherwise. It is also understoodthat the symbol “/” between two adjacent words has the same meaning as“or” unless expressly stated otherwise. Moreover, phrases such as“connected to,” “coupled to” or “in communication with” are not limitedto direct connections unless expressly stated otherwise.

Any reference to an element herein using a designation such as “first,”“second,” and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order ofthose elements. Rather, these designations may be used herein as aconvenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements orinstances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elementsdoes not mean that only two elements may be used there or that the firstelement must precede the second element in some manner. Also, unlessstated otherwise a set of elements may include one or more elements. Inaddition, terminology of the form “at least one of a, b, or c” or “a, b,c, or any combination thereof” used in the description or the claimsmeans “a or b or c or any combination of these elements.” For example,this terminology may include a, or b, or c, or a and b, or a and c, or aand b and c, or 2a, or 2b, or 2c, or 2a and b, and so on.

As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety ofactions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing,processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in atable, a database or another data structure), ascertaining, and thelike. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receivinginformation), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), and thelike. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing,establishing, and the like.

While the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative aspects, it should benoted that various changes and modifications could be made hereinwithout departing from the scope of the appended claims. The functions,steps or actions of the method claims in accordance with aspectsdescribed herein need not be performed in any particular order unlessexpressly stated otherwise. Furthermore, although elements may bedescribed or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unlesslimitation to the singular is explicitly stated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of communication for transmitting firstinformation and second information, comprising: selecting a first codingrate to meet a target error rate for the transmission of the secondinformation; encoding, according to the first coding rate that wasselected to meet the target error rate for the transmission of thesecond information, first data to generate encoded data and encodedparity information; selecting a second coding rate to meet a targeterror rate for the transmission of the first information; transmittingfirst information comprising the encoded data and a portion of theencoded parity information, the portion of the encoded parityinformation obtained by puncturing the encoded parity informationaccording to the second coding rate that was selected to meet the targeterror rate for the transmission of the first information; determiningthat a retransmission is needed; and transmitting the secondinformation, the second information comprising the encoded parityinformation as a result of the determination that a retransmission isneeded.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting atleast a third information after the transmission of the firstinformation and before the transmission of the second information. 3.The method of claim 2, wherein the transmission of the secondinformation is a final transmission for the first data.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: determining a condition of a channel over aperiod to time, wherein the first coding rate is selected based on thecondition of the channel, wherein the first information is transmittedover the channel, and wherein the second information is transmitted overthe channel.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second informationfurther comprises repetition information that comprises the encodeddata.
 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: comparing the firstcoding rate to the second coding rate; and before transmitting thesecond information that further comprises the repetition information,determining, based on the comparison, to transmit the repetitioninformation.
 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising: determining aquantity of bits for the repetition information based on the firstcoding rate.
 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining atime budget; and selecting, based on the time budget, a quantity ofretransmissions associated with the transmission of the firstinformation.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the encoding comprisesPolar coding.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the encoding comprisessystematic Polar coding.
 11. An apparatus for communication fortransmitting first information and second information, comprising: amemory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor and thememory configured to: select a first coding rate to meet a target errorrate for the transmission of the second information; encode, accordingto the first coding rate that was selected to meet the target error ratefor the transmission of the second information, first data to generateencoded data and encoded parity information; select a second coding rateto meet a target error rate for the transmission of the firstinformation; transmit first information comprising the encoded data anda portion of the encoded parity information, the portion of the encodedparity information obtained by puncturing the encoded parity informationaccording to the second coding rate that was selected to meet the targeterror rate for the transmission of the first information; determine thata retransmission is needed; and transmit the second information, thesecond information comprising the encoded parity information as a resultof the determination that a retransmission is needed.
 12. The apparatusof claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are further configuredto: transmit at least a third information after the transmission of thefirst information and before the transmission of the second information.13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the transmission of the secondinformation is a final transmission for the first data.
 14. Theapparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor and the memory are furtherconfigured to: determine a condition of a channel over a period to time,wherein the first coding rate is selected based on the condition of thechannel, wherein the first information is transmitted over the channel,and wherein the second information is transmitted over the channel. 15.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the second information furthercomprises repetition information that comprises the encoded data. 16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor and the memory arefurther configured to: compare the first coding rate to the secondcoding rate; and before transmitting the second information that furthercomprises the repetition information, determine, based on thecomparison, to transmit the repetition information.
 17. The apparatus ofclaim 15, wherein the processor and the memory are further configuredto: determine a quantity of bits for the repetition information based onthe first coding rate.
 18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein theprocessor and the memory are further configured to: determine a timebudget; and select, based on the time budget, a quantity ofretransmissions associated with the transmission of the firstinformation.
 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the encodingcomprises Polar coding.
 20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein theencoding comprises systematic Polar coding.
 21. An apparatus forcommunication for transmitting first information and second information,comprising: means for selecting a first coding rate to meet a targeterror rate for the transmission of the second information; means forencoding, according to the first coding rate that was selected to meetthe target error rate for the transmission of the second information,first data to generate encoded data and encoded parity information;means for selecting a second coding rate to meet a target error rate forthe transmission of the first information; means for transmitting firstinformation comprising the encoded data and a portion of the encodedparity information, the portion of the encoded parity informationobtained by puncturing the encoded parity information according to thesecond coding rate that was selected to meet the target error rate forthe transmission of the first information; means for determining that aretransmission is needed; and means for transmitting the secondinformation, the second information comprising the encoded parityinformation as a result of the determination that a retransmission isneeded.
 22. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storingcomputer-executable code, including code to: select a first coding rateto meet a target error rate for the transmission of the secondinformation; encode, according to the first coding rate that wasselected to meet the target error rate for the transmission of thesecond information, first data to generate encoded data and encodedparity information; select a second coding rate to meet a target errorrate for the transmission of the first information; transmit firstinformation comprising the encoded data and a portion of the encodedparity information, the portion of the encoded parity informationobtained by puncturing the encoded parity information according to thesecond coding rate that was selected to meet the target error rate forthe transmission of the first information; determine that aretransmission is needed; and transmit the second information, thesecond information comprising the encoded parity information as a resultof the determination that a retransmission is needed.